The origin of the sense of Fanqing-Fuming of Hong society was influenced obviously by the sense of distinguishing Chinese with barbarians in Confucianism. But the sense was reformed by secret sects, and the sense of Maitreya and Jiebian (inexorable doom) were brought in it. The sense had two characteristics: one was inheritting the way of using the previous dynasty to oppose the contemporary regine, another was using folk culture as instrument of propaganda. The secret sects' Fanqing-Fuming showed mainly as folloing; replacing the doctrine, changing the sects' name, raising the banner of Ming while rebelling, pretending as the descendents of Ming emperors to expand their power.
