陜北宋金石窟=the caves of the Song and Jin dynasties in Northern Shaanxi Province; 金剛界大日如來=Mahavairocana in Vajradhātu; 胎藏界大日如來=Mahavairocana in Garbhadhādu; 毗盧遮那佛=Vairocana
A certain number of Tantric Mahavairiocana images including many forms like DharmakayaEnlightenment group of the Vajradhātu-mandala, the combination of Mahavairocana in Vajradhātu and in Garbhadhādu, the blend of the Mahavairocana in Vajradhātu with Vairocana in Avatamsaka Sutra have been found by the author in the field research of the Song-Jin dynastic caves which is now under Yan’an municipal administration in northern Shannxi. These images reflect the follow-up progress of Tang Dynastic Tantric art. That the Mahavairocana images are integrated into the Pureland-centered local schematic image system expresses the thoughts of Dharmakaya-Enlightenment in Tantrayana, Bodhisattva practices and Pureland reincarnations in Sutrayana, which work together to enlighten all sentient beings. The Mahavairocana images from the caves play an important part in Tantric monuments in China, which offer to expand and deepen the previous cognition of the study field.
