There are scholars who maintain on occasion that the original position of Buddhism is not concerned with the real problems in society, politics, economy and so on. However, examining the various sutras we can find evidence that, historically, Buddhism expressed very positive concerns about the actual problems facing society. Such thought is well expressed in the idea of Cakravartin or Universal Emperor who can realize the ideal empire by governing according to the Dharma, that is, the highest Truth. This paper expounds on Cakravartin in order to establish a foundation for studies in the political thought of Buddhism. Thus, in this paper, I have scrutinized anew two kinds of conflicting hypothetical theories: The Problem of the Theory of the Pre-Buddha Age and the Post-Asoka Age. Accordingly I have reached the conclusion that the archetype of Cakravartin was formed in the Buddha`s Age and it had greatly influenced the king Asoka, and conversely, after Asoka`s Age it was inspired and developed by Asoka`s political and religious activities as a model.
目次
Abstract 127 I. Introduction 127 II. The Origin of the Idea of Cakravartin 128 1. The Problem of the Theory of the Pre-Buddha Age 129 2. The Problem of the Theory of the Post-Aśoka Age 132 III. Provisional Conclusion 134 Glossary of Chinese Terms 135 References 135
