From the time the Thai people established the kingdom of Sukhothai, the first Thai kingdom in Southeast Asia, around BE 1800 (CE 1250) most of the Thai people have upheld Buddhism as their main religion down to the present day. King Ramkhamhaeng, the third king of the Sukhothai Kingdom (reigned BE 1822–1843), invited senior Lankan monks (thera) to journey with their company from Nakhon Sri Thammarat to establish the Lankan order of Theravāda Buddhism in Sukhothai. The king appointed the Elder Mahāsāmī, the leader of the group, to the position of Supreme (ecclesiastical) Patriarch (saṅgharāja), with a rank higher than all other monks in the kingdom, and he supported Buddhism fully. This is why the kind of Buddhism that later became known as “Lankan Buddhism” enjoyed growth and stability in the Sukhothai kingdom. There was widespread study of the Buddha’s words (Buddhavacana) recorded in the Canon, which led to the arising of Thailand’s first great Buddhist scholar, King Lithai the Great, the fifth king of the Sukhothai kingdom and author of Tebhūmikathā, more commonly known as Traiphum Phra Ruang, the first research work in the history of the Thai people. For this he studied at least 30 primary and secondary texts (pakaraṇa) in the Pāli language.
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Administration of the Sangha in the Sukhothai and Ayudhaya periods 59 Administration of the Sangha in the Ratanakosin period 60 Administration of the Sangha by Royal Decree 61 The Sangha Act of BE 2484 61 Administration of the Sangha at present 68 The future: how will future administration of the Sangha be? 71 Suggestions 72
