Nāgārjunaにおける空と縁起 : 『中論偈』第24章.第18偈の解釈をめぐって =Nāgājuna on Emptiness and Dependent-Origination : With a Special Reference to the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 24.18
It is well-known that Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (MMK), Chapter 24, verse 18 is the source of Tiantai doctrine of the three truths, viz. Emptiness (空), Phenomenon (仮), and the Middle (中). The paper aims at clarifying the original meaning of this stanza which runs as follows: “We declare dependent-origination to be emptiness. It is a dependent designation and is just the middle path.” (yaḣ pratītyasamutpādah sūnyatāṁ tām pracakṡmahe/ sā prajñaptir upādāya pratipat saiva madhyamā//) The chapter where the stanza appears is entitled “Examination of the [Four] Noble Truths” which consists of a total of forty verses. Commentaries on the verse in question have also been consulted. Among the forty verses composing Chapter 24, the first six present the opponent’s critique of emptiness (sūnyatā). According to him, if everything is empty, then not only Buddhist doctrines such as “dependentorigination,” “four noble truths,” and “three jewels,” etc., but also the conventional usage of the language will be destroyed. From stanza 7, Nāgārjuna begins his counter-argument against the above criticism. The reason adduced by Nāgārjuna in order to refute the criticism is that the opponent misunderstands the following three points regarding emptiness: 1) emptiness itself (sūnyatā), 2) the meaning of the word “emptiness” (sūnyatārtha), and 3) the use [of all things] in their emptiness (sūnyatāyām prayojanam)(verse 7). According to Candrakīrti, Nāgārjuna における空と縁起（斎藤) the author of the Prasannapadā, it is in verse 18 that Nāgārjuna explains the meaning of “emptiness” which is equated by the author with “dependentorigination,” “dependent designation,” and “the middle path”. This article concludes with a discussion of the term “own-nature” (svabhāva) as it is found in MMK 15.2cd. Here Nāgārjuna identifies the referent of both “emptiness” and “dependent-origination”. According to him, every word including “emptiness” is dependently designated and emptiness is neither existence nor non-existence. The opponent’s misunderstanding results from taking “emptiness” to mean only nonexistence.
目次
I. 『中論偈』第24「聖なる真理（聖諦）の考察｣5章の内容と構成 285 II. 第18 偈の内容分析 275 III. 結語：『中論』第24 章.第18 偈の意図するところ 264
