Author Affiliations: YU-SHUANG YAO: Associate Professor at Fo Guang University, Taiwan RICHARD GOMBRICH: Oxford Centre for Buddhist Studies
關鍵詞
Roman Catholicism; Protestantism; mortuary rites; Engaged Buddhism; Humanistic Buddhism; monastic education; missionary work
摘要
This article examines how modern Chinese Buddhism has been influenced by Christianity. For our purposes ‘modern Chinese Buddhism’ refers to a form of what has become known in the West as ‘Engaged Buddhism’, but in Chinese is known by titles which can be translated ‘Humanistic Buddhism’ or ‘Buddhism for Human Life’. This tradition was initiated on the Chinese mainland between the two World Wars by the monk Tài Xū, and Part one of the article is devoted to him. Since the communist conquest of China, its main branches have flourished in Taiwan, whence two of them have spread worldwide. The most successful, at least in numerical terms, has been Fo Guang Shan (‘Buddha’s Light Mountain’), founded by a personal disciple of Tài Xū, Hsing Yun, now very old, and it is on this movement that we concentrate in Parts two and three. We differentiate between conscious imitation and analogous development due to similar social circumstances, and show how Protestant Christianity and Roman Catholicism have had different effects. In Part four, we examine Fo Guang Shan as a missionary religion.
目次
1. Tài Xū 206 1.1 Learning from the Christians 207 1.2 Education 209 1.3 Activism in public life 211 2. Venerable Master Hsīng Yún and Fó Guāng Shān 212 2.1 Hsīng Yún and Tài Xū 212 2.2 Early life 213 2.3 Fó Guāng Shān: a brief factual introduction 214 2.4 Career in Taiwan 215 2.5 Gender in FGS 216 2.6 Direct influence of Tài Xū 216 3. Varieties of Christian influence 218 3.1 The relation between clerical and lay status in Buddhism 218 3.2 Orthopraxy is emphasised but not orthodoxy 219 3.3 Protestantisation in Buddhism 221 3.4 The cultural affinities of Hsing Yun’s FGS 223 3.4.1 Hsing Yun’s modernism: great organizer, great innovator 224 3.4.2 Roman Catholic influence on Hsing Yun 225 3.4.3 Fo Guang Shan as a religion for an entire population 228 4. Fo Guang Shan as a missionary religion 231 4.1 BLIA/FGS spreads across the world 233 Conclusion 235 Acknowledgement 235
