부정적 의미의 중도=chung-tao of a negative meaning; 포괄적 의미의 중도=chung-tao of an inclusive meaning; 제일방언=第一方言=ti-i fang-yen; 제이방언=第二方言=ti-erh fang-yen; 제삼방언=第三方言=ti-san fang-yen; 불성=佛性=buddha nature; 일다상용부동문=一多相容不同門=i-to hsiang-jung pu-t'ung men; 제법상즉자재문=諸法相卽自在門=chu-fa hsiang-chi tzu-tsai men
摘要
This paper aims at proving the hsien-shih chien chu-i (現世間主義) of Chinese Buddhism through analyses of five Chinese Buddhist thoughts. At first, shi-hsiang lun of T'ien-t'ai (天台實相論) is examined. T'ien-t'ai‘s shi-hsiang lun consists in i-nien san-ch'ien shuo (一念三千說) and i-hsin san-kuan (一心三觀). I-nien san-ch'ien shuo is a teaching that a human being has infinite possibility, and i-hsin san-kuan is a teaching that k'ung (空), chia (假) and chung (中) are all one and the same. I think that this i-hsin san-kuan is an example par excellence of hsien-shih chien chu-i of Chinese Buddhism. We can see in four other Chinsese Buddhist sects doctrines similar to the i-hsin san-kuan theory of T'ien-t'ai. One of them is the doctrine of erh-ti ho-ming chung-tao (二諦合明中道) of San-lun tsung (三論宗). It consists in the concepts of ti-i fang-yen (第一方言), ti-erh fang-yen (第二方言) and ti-san fang-yen (第三方言) that respectively corresponds to k'ung, chia and chung. Hui-yüan of Ching-ying ssu (淨影寺 慧遠) also suggested a doctrine similar to T'ien-t'ai's i-hsin san-kuan in structure: k'ung, yu (有), and fei-yu fei-wu (非有非無). The doctrine of shi-hsüan yüan-ch'i of Hua-yen (華嚴十玄緣起) presents the theory of i-chi i-qie (一卽一切). Shi-hsüan yüan-ch'i consists in five parts, and two of them, i-to hsiang-jung pu-t'ung men (一多相容不同門) and chu-fa hsiang-chi tzu-tsai men (諸法相卽自在門), are especially related to our topic, for the latter corresponds to k'ung and the former to chia. Finally, Liu-tsu t'an-ching (六祖壇經) presents the doctrines of wu-chu (無住), wu-nien (無念) and wu-hsiang (無相). Wu-chu corresponds to k'ung, wu-nien to chia, and wu-hsiang to chung.
目次
I. 서론 153 II. 천태의 실상론: 일심삼관 158 III. 길장의 이제합명중도: 중도를 바라보는 세 가지 관점 161 1. 첫 번째 중도에 접근하는 길[第一方言] 164 2. 두 번째 중도에 접근하는 길[第二方言] 165 3. 세 번째 중도에 접근하는 길[第三方言] 165 IV. 정영사 혜원의 공(空)의 이해 166 V. 법장의 십현연기 169 1. 십현연기의 핵심: 일즉일체(一卽一切) 169 2. 회통의 정신: 동시구족상응문(同時具足相應門) 172 3. 일심(一心)의 구족(具足): 유심회전선성문(唯心廻轉善成門) 173 4. 십현연기의 해석근거: 탁사현법생해문(託事顯法生解門) 174 5. 소결 174 VI. 『육조단경(六祖壇經)』의 무주·무념·무상 175 VII. 결론 179
