When the history of the Japanese Tendai 天台 school is discussed, the founder Saichō 最澄 (767–822) is often credited with (or criticized for) rejecting the Vinaya and substituting the bodhisattva precepts from the Fanwang jing 梵網經 in full ordinations. However, when subsequent Tendai history is considered, the interpretation of the Tendai precepts is much more complicated with such texts as the Lotus Sutra or esoteric samaya (Jp. sanmaya 三摩耶) precepts playing key roles. When citations of texts in sources from the late Heian 平安 (794–1185) through the Muromachi 室町 (1336–1573) periods are surveyed, the polemical texts that Saichō wrote on the precepts, such as the Sange gakushō shiki 山家學生式 (Rules for Students of the Mountain School) and Kenkairon 顯戒論 (Treatise Revealing the Precepts) are ignored by many exegetes with the exception of those arguing for a return to stricter monastic discipline, such as Kōen 興圓 (1262/63–1317) of the Kurodani 黒谷 lineage of Tendai and Ninkū 仁空 (1309–1388) of the Rozanji 廬山寺 lineage of Tendai. However, these were smaller traditions than the other Tendai lineages. The text that was continually, and frequently, cited by most Tendai lineages was the Futsūju bosatsukai kōshaku 普通授菩薩戒廣釋 (Detailed Explanation of the Universal Bodhisattva Precepts Ordination) of Annen 安然.
