One of most influential religious traditions in Eastern Asia is the Buddhist Consciousness-only School that was built by the eminent monk Xuanzang (602-664) and his disciple Kuiji (632-682) in the 7th century. As probably the most sophisticated scholastic school in Buddhism, the consciousness-only tradition in Eastern Asia was defined and reinforced by the core text Cheng Weishi Lun (CWSL) that was compiled by Xuanzang and its key commentaries that were composed by Kuiji and his disciples then. What is interesting is that those key commentaries were gradually losing their circulation in China. When there occurred the so-called renaissance of consciousness-only study in around 16th -17th centuries, those key CWSL commentaries and the lineage were already totally lost in China. Thus, those who aimed to rebuild the lost Consciousness-only School in China at that time had to figure out ways to decode the CWSL which in itself was extremely difficult to understand without those key commentaries. This dissertation intends to investigate how a lost commentarial tradition of the Cheng weishi lun was rebuilt and/or reinvented by five key late-Ming commentators— Gaoyuan Mingyu (circa 1544-1633), Yiyu Tongrun (1565-1624), Wang Kentang (1549-1613), Lingyuan Dahui (1564-1636) and Ouyi Zhixu (1599-1655). The project scope is limited to the contents regarding Chinese Triṃśikā (The Thirty Verses) stanza #2cd, #3, and #4 in the Cheng weishi
目次
Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1-1 Motivation 1 1-2 Weishi Tradition Initiation, Division and Interruption in China 2 1-2-1 Old translations vs. New translations 2 1-2-2 “Weishi gu xue” (唯識古學, the early consciousness-only doctrine) 3 1-2-3 “Weishi jin xue” (唯識今學, the later consciousness-only doctrine) 5 1-2-4 CWSL Weishi Tradition Interruption 7 1-2-5 The Window of Golden Opportunity 8 1-3 Brief Review of Late-Ming Consciousness-Only Studies 10 1-3-1 General difference between Kuiji-led Weishi study and late-Ming Weishi study 10 1-3-2 Origin and development of the notion of“nature-characteristics syncretism”(性相通融) 11 1-3-3 Possible impact of Yongming Yanshou on late-Ming Weishi study 13 1-3-4 Classification of Late-Ming Scholars 16 1-3-5 Syncretism, not Synthesis 17 1-4 Scope and Methodology 21 1-4-1 Scope 21 1-4-2 Methodology 24 1-4-3 Hypotheses 25 1-4-3-1 Hypotheses for Synchronic Analysis within Late-Ming Group 25 1-4-3-2 Hypotheses for Diachronic Analysis between Late-Ming Group and Tang Control Group. 29 Chapter 2. Brief Review of related Ming Dynasty Contexts 33 2-1 External Related Contexts 33 2-1-1 Tension between “Meditation”(禪) and “Lecture”(講) 33 2-1-2 The Thrust to Go Out of Box from Wang Yangming 33 2-1-3 Pendulum between intellectualism and anti-intellectualism 35 2-1-4 Mutual Redefinition between the Gentry and the Buddhist Monks 38 2-2 Internal Related Contexts 40 2-2-1 Significant Others 40 2-2-1-1 Luan Putai 40 2-2-1-2 Wuji Wuqin and Bianrong Zhenyuan 41 2-2-1-3 Xuelang Hongen 41 2-2-1-4 Hanshan Deqing 43 2-2-1-5 Zibo Zhenke 44 2-2-1-6 Yunqi Zhuhong 46 2-2-2 Authors of the Late-Ming Group 47 2-2-2-1 Forerunner: Gaoyuan Mingyu 47 2-2-2-2 Specialist: Yiyu Tongrun 48 2-2-2-3 Facilitator: Wang Kentang 50 2-2-2-4 Outliner: Lingyuan Dahui 53 2-2-2-5 Betweener: Ouyi Zhixu 53 Chapter 3. Macro Analysis- Overview Analysis 56 3-1 Overview of Total Information Amount by CWSL, CWSLS, and Late-Ming Commentaries 56 3-2 Analysis by Citation Sources, Frequency, Content Volume by Late-Ming Commentaries 61 3-2-1 The Citation Types Definition and Examples of Late-Ming Commentaries 61 3-2-1-1 Explicit Citation Types 61 3-2-1-1-1 Explicit Complete/ Quasi-Complete Citation Type 62 3-2-1-1-2 Explicit Selected Citation Type 62 3-2-1-1-3 Explicit Paraphrasing Citation Type 63 3-2-1-2 Implicit Citation Types 64 3-2-1-2-1 Implicit Complete/ Quasi-Complete Citation Type 64 3-2-1-2-2 Implicit Selected Citations Type 65 3-2-1-2-3 Implicit Paraphrasing Citations Type 66 3-2-1-2-4 Implicit Combination Citations Type 68 3-2-2 Analysis of Citation Sources, Quote Frequency and Quote Count 69 3-2-2-1 Citations Analysis by LMCs 69 3-2-2-1-1 Citation Analysis of LMC#1 69 3-2-2-1-2 Citation Analysis of LMC#2 70 3-2-2-1-3 Citation Analysis of LMC#3 72 3-2-2-1-4 Citation Analysis of LMC#4 74 3-2-2-1-5 Citation Analysis of LMC#5 75 3-2-2-2 Citation Types Analysis 78 3-2-2-3 Citation Analysis of Top sources 81 3-2-2-4 Analysis of Within-Group Citations 84 3-2-2-5 Analysis of Pass Through Citations 84 Chapter 4. Micro Analysis- Translation & Detailed Analysis of CWSL & Commentaries 87 4-1 Aspect of Self-characteristics 自相門 87 4-1-1 English Translation of CWSL Root Text- Scope and Structure of Triṃśikā 87 4-1-2 Discussions of Commentaries 88 4-1-3 English Translation of CWSL Root Text 89 4-1-4 Discussions of Commentaries 90 4-1-4-1 The impact of one single character difference between “cang shi” and “cang chu” 90 4-1-4-2 Why does “self-characteristics” have many "states"? 92 4-2 Aspect of Characteristics as an Effect 果相門 93 4-2-1 English Translation of CWSL Root Text 93 4-2-2 Discussions of Commentaries 93 4-3 Aspect of Characteristics as a Cause 因相門 96 4-3-1 Brief of “Characteristics as a Cause” 96 4-3-1-1 English Translation of CW
