불조통기=Buljotonggi; 김지장=Monk Kim Ji-Jang; 혜악스님=Monk Hyeak; 구화산=Mt. Guhwasan; 신라암=Shillaam
摘要
Records about a chief Buddhist saint, Kim Ji-Jang written in Buljotonggi(volume 40) consist of inconsistencies, mixing and perversion. That is because records about two Zen masters on ① field of action, ② age are mixed each other. When it comes to ①, the field is Gumnam, Sungdo and Mt. Guhwa in Jiju, and with regard to ②, Musang died at the age of 79, and Jijang 99. About the sight of their death, they died with being seated but their body didn't decay according to the record. It means a life-sizestatue was mentioned already from Song dynasty. As mentioned above, the record about ① and ② might bring about inconsistencies, mixing and perversion. Who is so called ‘the Buddhist saint of Shilla’ whom Jiban, the writer of Buljotonggi recognized? If the place he went ashore to go to Mt. Guhwa from Sungdo is Jiju, can we find his achievements in Yeosan near Jiju? When Kim Ji-Jang's achievements are divided according to his detailed itinerary, Gangju is the middle stopover though he started from Sungdo. And, if he went to Mt. Guhwa from Gangju, Yeosan can be the starting point also. To solve this problem, waterborne traffic is a key subject. Buljotonggi, written by Jiban, a monk of South Song dynasty, is the first history book of Buddhism that was made up of Gijeonche and Pyunyonche system based on existing Jongwonrok and Seokmunjungtong throughout about 10 years until 5th year of Hamsoon(1269). That it contains a lot of queer stories which are not found in other 200 biographies and history books is told as an advantage. Roughly, two stories about Korea were written in Buljotonggi. The first one is the story about Japanese monk, Hyeak who founded a holy place of Avalokitesvara in Mt. Bota, China. The second one is the record about a Buddhist saint who engaged in Buddhist mission work in Sungdo. What were the new data about Korea? We can guess that Buddhist saint's walking tour course focused on Sungdo was supposedly reached to the east, Gugang(river) according to the Yangtze river or the further east, to Myongju. We cannot say about the history of Mt. Bota and Avalokitesvara without Japanese monk, Hyeak. That means the Avalokitesvara's seminary came to the south from Mt. Odae to Mt. Bota. This Buddhist legend explains how Mt. Bota became the Avalokitesvara's holy place. For that reason, the denial of Japanese monk, Hyeak means the denial of Avalokitesvara's holy place in Mt. Bota consequently. The founder, Hyeak is being handed down through history books and poetries like Botanakgasinji(volume 1) for 1,000 years. After Buljotonggi was written, he was mentioned in Buljoyeokdaetongjae(volume 16) and Japanese Wonhyungseokseo(volume 16). Wonhyungseokseo is a valuable Buddhist material which collected high priests' biographies from the spread of Buddhism into Japan until the end of Kamakura. It is the first Buddhist book written in Gijeonche system. According to the contemporary history book, Guhwasansungsagi written by Bi Kwan-Gyeong, Kim Ji-Jang was called as the prince of Shilla, but Ching dynasty's Jubin investigated that a prince was frequently misrecognized as the Crown Prince. Accordingly, the writer of Buljotonggi regarded two different Shilla princes as one and the same person. Therefore, the story that Kim Ji-Jang started from Sungdo is just our preconception but Kim Ji-Jang's entering to Mt. Guhwa probably started from Yeosan on the assumption that Kim Hwa-Sang ≠ Kim Ji-Jang. Yeosan was accounted in the walking tour of Shilla's monks who study abroad because Yeosan is the middle point when the river course of Jang River is taken into account and also, Shillaam is located there.
