Yoga=瑜伽; Indian Buddhism=印度佛教; samadhi=三昧; dhyanas=禪定
摘要
There is an intimate relationship between the concepts of samadhi and dhyana in both traditions that demonstrates a parallelism, if not an identity, between the two systems. The foundation for this assertion is a range of common terminology and common descriptions of meditative states seen as the foundation of meditation practice in both traditions. Most notable in this context is the relationship between the samprajnata samadhi states of Classical Yoga and the system of four Buddhist dhyana states (Pali jhana). This is further complicated by the attempt to reconcile this comparison with the development of the Buddhist the arupya-dhyanas, or the series of ＂formless meditations,＂ found in Indian Buddhist explications of meditation. This issue becomes even more relevant as we turn toward the conception of nirodha found in both the context of Classical Yoga and in the Buddhist systems, where the relationship between yoga and soteriology becomes an important issue. In particular, we will examine notions of nirodhasamapatti found in Buddhism and the relationship of this state to the identification in Yoga of cittavrttinirodha with kaivalya.
I. Introduction 108 II. Definitions of Samadhi and Dhyana in the Classical Yoga and the Early Buddhism 110 III. A Structural Comparison between Samadhis in the Classical Yoga and Dhyanas in the Early Buddhism 112 1. Samprajnata in the Classical Yoga and the Four Dhyanas (or rupajjhana-s) in the Early Buddhism112 2. Asamprajnata-samadhi in the Classical Yoga and Arupajjhana-s in the Early Buddhism 116 3. The Nirodha State in the Classcial Yoga and the Early Buddhsim 117 IV. Conclusion 119
