Reducing Suffering During Conflict: The Interface Between Buddhism And International Humanitarian Law

Bartles-Smith, Andrew (著); Crosby, Kate (著); Harvey, Peter (著); Premasiri, P. D. (著); Tilakaratne, Asanga (著); Ratheiser, Daniel (著)

作者

Bartles-Smith, Andrew (著) ; Crosby, Kate (著) ; Harvey, Peter (著) ; Premasiri, P. D. (著) ; Tilakaratne, Asanga (著) ; Ratheiser, Daniel (著)

出處題名

Contemporary Buddhism: An Interdisciplinary Journal

卷期

v.21 n.1-2

出版日期

2020

頁次

369 - 435

出版者

Routledge

出版者網址

https://www.routledge.com/

出版地

Abingdon, UK [阿賓登, 英國]

資料類型

期刊論文=Journal Article

使用語言

英文=English

附註項

- Andrew Bartles-Smith is the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Regional Manager for Humanitarian Affairs in Asia. He has twenty years of conflict and emergency-relief related experience in Asia, with particular expertise in insurgency and engagement with non-state armed groups. He has pioneered ICRC engagement with religious circles in Asia to promote research and debate on correspondences between International Humanitarian Law (IHL) and religious teachings. He leads the ongoing ICRC project on ‘Reducing Suffering During Conflict: The Interface Between Buddhism and IHL.’
- Kate Crosby is Professor of Buddhist Studies in the department of Theology and Religious Studies at King's College, London. Her books include a translation and study of Santideva‘s Bodhicaryavatara (with co-author Andrew Skilton OUP 1995), a translation of the Mahabharata’s The Dead of Night & the Women (Clay Sanskrit Library 2009) Theravada Buddhism: Continuity, Identity, Diversity (Blackwell-Wiley 2014) and Esoteric Theravada: The Story of the Forgotten Meditation Tradition of Southeast Asia (Shambala 2020).
- Peter Harvey is Emeritus Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Sunderland, UK. He co-founded, with Ian Harris, the UK Association for Buddhist Studies (1996). His books include The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Early Buddhism (1995), An Introduction to Buddhism: Teachings, History and Practices (1990) and An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics: Foundations, Values and Issues (2000). The Thai Buddhist Trust gave him a Golden Buddha award (2003). Mahachulalongkorn-rajavidyalaya University granted him an honorary doctorate in Buddhist Studies (2018).
- P. D. Premasiri is Emeritus Professor of Pali and Buddhist Studies, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. He is still affiliated with its Postgraduate Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities and with the Sri Lanka International Buddhist Academy (SIBA). He has published extensively in the areas of Buddhist Philosophy, Buddhist Ethics, Buddhist Psychology and Comparative Philosophy. He obtained a BA in Pali from Peradeniya in 1963, and a BA (1967) and MA (1971) in Philosophy from the University of Cambridge. In 1980 he obtained his PhD in Comparative Philosophy from the University of Hawaiʻi.
- Professor Asanga Tilakaratne is Emeritus Professor of Pali and Buddhist Studies at the University of Colombo, and the Founding Chairman of Damrivi Foundation. He obtained his BA in Buddhist Philosophy from University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, his MA in Western Philosophy and his PhD in Comparative Philosophy at University of Hawaiʻi, and was a Commonwealth Fellow at the University of Oxford. He has published extensively on Buddhist philosophy, philosophy of language, philosophy of religion, practicalethics, contemporary social and political issues, Buddhist epistemology and logic, and inter-religious understanding.
- Daniel Ratheiser is the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Regional Advisor for Humanitarian Affairs in Asia. He pursued international economics and religious sciences at the South Asia Institute, University of Heidelberg, George Washington University and University of Maastricht, where he graduated with an MA. He has held various consulting roles in India and China, and taught at the Max Mueller Bhawan. His research ranges from historical cultural exchange to contemporary interfaith relations, focusing on cultural relations between China and the Indian subcontinent.
- Venerable Professor Mahinda Deegalle is Professor of Religions, Philosophies and Ethics at the School of Humanities, Bath Spa University, United Kingdom. He is a graduate of the universities of Harvard, Chicago and Peradeniya. He is the author of Popularizing Buddhism: Preaching as Performance in Sri Lanka and editor of several volumes, including Buddhism, Conflict and Violence in Modern Sri Lanka and Justice and Statecraft. He is executive director of the

摘要

This article stems from a project launched by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in 2017 to examine the degree to which Buddhism might complement or enhance international humanitarian law (IHL), also known as ‘the law of war’ or ‘the law of armed conflict’. Given that Buddhist teachings discourage violence, scholarship has critiqued Buddhists’ involvement in armed conflict rather than considered how Buddhism might contribute to regulating the conduct of hostilities once war has broken out. Yet the Buddhist aim to reduce suffering is particularly relevant during armed conflict, and the empirical realism of early Buddhist texts shows that early Buddhist communities were very much aware of its grim reality. The article investigates the evidence for this empirical realism before exploring a range of concepts, doctrines and practices from within Buddhism that are pertinent to the recognition and implementation of IHL principles and the conduct of war. While IHL lays down explicit rules to follow during war, Buddhism emphasises broader ethical principles to be applied, so as not to dilute its ideal of non-violence. At a deeper level, it addresses the intention or motivation of parties to armed conflict, and possesses psychological insights and resources to help change their behaviour.

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Rationale for the ICRC project
Previous writings of relevance
International humanitarian law (IHL)
A Buddhist approach to conduct in armed conflict?
Monastic ethics
Lay ethics
Common humanity and interdependence
Minimising suffering during armed conflict
The First Buddhist precept of non-violence and the karmic consequences of killing
Intention and gradations of killing
Is compassionate killing possible?
Responses to military activity: the defence of Dharma argument and compensatory ethics
The Buddhist ideal of rulership and statecraft
The Buddha’s relationship with rulers
Historical exemplars of Buddhist rulership
Being a Buddhist and a combatant
The values of Buddhist combatants
Buddhist psychological resources
Buddhism and martial arts
Attitude to weapons
Treatment of prisoners
Protection of civilian property, the environment and animals
Sexual violence
Buddhism and the broader context
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Disclosure statement
Abbreviations

ISSN

14639947 (P); 14767953 (E)

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1080/14639947.2021.1976016

點閱次數

102

建檔日期

2022.12.09

更新日期

2022.12.09