Nepal; World Heritage; World Heritage Tentative List
摘要
There are two cultural properties in Nepal that are inscribed on the World Heritage List: Kathmandu Valley and Lumbini, the Birthplace of the Lord Buddha. This paper explains the process of preparing and establishing management mechanism for both the Tentative List which was carried out in two phases with the added objective of prioritizing the cultural heritage prosperities at the national level. The Kathmandu Valley World Heritage property was inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2003 due to uncontrolled development and loss of historic urban fabric. The formulation of a comprehensive Integrated Management Plan was requested by the World Heritage Committee. Over a three year period the management frameworks and processes were prepared and in May 2007 the Integrated Management Framework was adopted by the Cabinet of the Government of Nepal. This led to the Kathmandu Valley being taken off the danger list at the 2007 session of the World Heritage Committee. Taking the experience of preparing the management system for the Kathmandu Valley property, an Integrated Management Process is being prepared for Lumbini. With the support of Oriental Cultural Heritage Sites Protection Alliance(OCHSPA) an initial study is being carried out on the various overlays of understanding of the Sacred Garden which will be the bases for preparing a physical plan for the world Heritage property. Fifteen cultural properties have been included in the World Heritage Tentative List. The Tentative List for World Heritage was first prepared in 1996 with seven properties which included Lumbini(inscribed in 1997) and the related sites of Tilaurakot and Ramagrama. A national survey was carried out and in 2008 the Tentative List was augment by adding nine more properties.
目次
Abstract 22 Part 1: Cultural world heritage in Nepal 1.1 Cultural World Heritage in Nepal 23 1.2 Kathmandu Valley 24 1.3 Lumbini 25
1.4 Tentative List 26 1.4.1 Bhurti Temple Complex of Dailekh 26 1.4.2 Cave architecture of Muktinath Valley of Mustang 27 1.4.3 Khokana, the vernacular village and its mustard-oil seed industrial heritage 27 1.4.4 Medieval Earthern Walled City of Lo Manthang 27 1.4.5 Medieval Settlement of Kirtipur 28 1.4.6 Nuwakot Palace Complex 28 1.4.7 Ram Janaki Temple 29 1.4.8 Ramagrama, the relic stupa of Lord Buddha 29 1.4.9 Rishikesh Complex of Ruru Kshetra 30 1.4.10 Sinja Valley 30 1.4.11 The early medieval architectural complex of Panauti 31 1.4.12 The medieval palace complex of Gorkha 31 1.4.13 The Medieval Town of Tansen 31 1.4.14 Tilaurakot, the archaeological remains of ancient Shakya Kingdom 32 1.4.15 Vajrayogini and early Settlement of Sankhu 32 Part 2: Management mechanism 2.1 Institutional Framework 33 2.1.1 The Authorites 33 2.1.1.1 Central Government 34 2.1.1.2 Local Government 34 2.1.1.3 Site Managers 34
2.2 The Site Managers 36 2.2.1 The Site Managers for the Monument Zones 36 2.2.2 Responsibilities of the Site Manager 36 2.2.3 Coordinative Working Committee 37 2.2.4 Associated Authorities 38
2.3 Legal Framework 40 2.3.1 Legislation and Legal Provisions 40 2.3.2 Guiding Conservation Principle 44 2.3.3 Building Bylaws 49 2.3.4 Rectification Guidelines 50 2.3.5 Development Guidelines 52
2.4 Economic Framework 54 2.4.1 Funds For Site Management 54 2.4.2 Funding 55 2.4.3 Income 58
