Vinaya; saṅgha; Buddhist schools; Prātimokṣa/Patimokkha; karmavādcanā/kammavācā; Skandhakas/Khandhakas; Vinayavibhaṇga; Suttavibhaṇga; ordination; simā; law; law codes
摘要
The first part of this contribution traces the origins and development of the Buddhist monastic law codes (Vinaya), their composition and dating. These law codes contain the rules and regulations which function as a guide and directive for the monastics of the Buddhist communities (saṅgha) and are therefore also central for an investigation of the Buddhist institution, namely the saṅgha. The Buddhist saṅgha in its widest sense comprises monastics and lay followers alike. In a narrower sense it refers to the monastics only, that is to monks and nuns. It is this sense which is the focus of the second part of this contribution, for the saṅgha of the monastics was responsible for transmitting the teaching of the Buddha, for teaching nuns, novices and lay followers, and thus for keeping Buddhism alive. We will outline the development of the Buddhist saṅgha, and trace its role and legal structure.
目次
Abstract 147 1. MONASTIC CODE LAW CODES 147 Origin and development 147 Composition of the Vinayas 149 Vinayavibhaṇga/Suttavibhanga 149 Vastus or Khandhakas 153 Supplements to the Vinayas 154 Dating of the Vinayas 155 Dating of the Prātimokṣas 157 Dating of the Vibhaṅga 161 Dating of the Vastus/Khandhakas 162 Dating of the karmavādcanā/kammavācās 162 External influences on the Vinayas 165 Later legal literature 166 2. MONASTIC INSTITUTION (SAṄGHA) 167 The saṅgha as a monastic institution 167 The Buddhist Schools 168 Legal structure of the Buddhist saṅgha 169 Development of the life of the Buddhist saṅgha 171 Development of monasteries 175 Acknowledgments 178 References 179
