湛然圓澄=Zhanran Yuancheng; 宗門或問=Zongmen huowen; the Mind of great faith; the Mind of exertion and non-retrogression; the Mind of great doubt; True mind; One mind; Own mind
摘要
Zhanran Yuancheng 湛然圓澄 (1561-1626) was a significant monk granted with the honorific title as “the Master of the revival for Caodong School in the Ming dynasty” (Mingdai caodong zhongxing zushi 明代曹洞中興祖師). Among Yuancheng’s works, the Zongmen huowen has high value as it is the only Chan work written by Yuancheng himself. As in catechetical form, the Zongmen huowen contains 52 questions and answers between Yuancheng and his lay followers. These questions and answers reflect a variety issues that were concerned by Buddhists in the late Ming Buddhism. Therefore, this thesis is in an attempt to investigate Yuancheng’s life based on his biographical sources and also his thought based on the Zongmen huowen. Yuancheng’s important admonishment to his lay followers such as the essentials of mind investigation and the “Generation of three great minds”: the “Mind of great faith (da xinxin 大信心)”, the “Mind of exertion and non-retrogression (da yongmeng butuixin大勇猛不退心)” and the “Mind of great doubt (da yiqing 大疑情)” are examined. Also, their possible links to the concept like “True mind (zhenxin 真心)”, “One mind (yixin 一心)”, “Own mind (zixin 自心)” will be discussed. Moreover, Yuancheng’s views regarding to the various Buddhist cultivations and the Dharma transmission scheme during the late Ming dynasty will be studied.
目次
Abstract i Acknowledgements iii Table of Contents v Chapter One Introduction 1 Literature Review 4 Approaches and Methodologies 7 Thesis Structure 8 Chapter Two The Life of Yuancheng 9 The recorded biographies of Yuancheng 9 The Life of Yuancheng 12 Early life of Yuancheng 12 Mentors and enlightenment experiences of Yuancheng 13 Late life and disciples of Yuancheng 17 Yuancheng’s views towards contemporary Buddhism 18 The works of Yuancheng 22 Introduction to the Zongmen huowen 23 Reception to Yuancheng 25 Chapter Three The Concept of the mind of Yuancheng in the Zongmen huowen 28 The Interpretation and Application of the Mind of Yuancheng in the Zongmen huowen 28 The Concept of the mind of Yuancheng 29 The Application of mind in the Chan cultivation 31 Generation of the Three Great Minds 33 The “Mind of great faith” 34 The “Mind of exertion and non-retrogression” 38 The “Mind of great doubt” 43 Chapter Four Various Buddhist cultivations in the Zongmen huowen 57 Pure Land cultivation 58 Other Buddhist cultivations beside Pure Land 77 Chapter Five Yuancheng’s view towards Dharma transmission scheme 82 Yuancheng’s Views toward the transmission scheme 83 Penetration of principle through scriptural study 87 Views from contemporary masters 90 Chapter Six Conclusion 102 Bibiography 107 Appendix 111
