tsuko Hirai was Kazushige Hirasawa Professor Emerita of History at Bates College.
摘要
From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, the Tokugawa shogunate enacted and enforced myriad laws and ordinances to control nearly every aspect of Japanese life, including observance of a person’s death. In particular, the shoguns Tsunayoshi and Yoshimune issued strict decrees on mourning and abstention that dictated compliance throughout the land and survived the political upheaval of the Meiji Restoration to persist well into the twentieth century. Atsuko Hirai reveals the pivotal relationship between these shogunal edicts and the legitimacy of Tokugawa rule. By highlighting the role of narimono chojirei (injunctions against playing musical instruments) within their broader context, she shows how this class of legislation played an important integrative part in Japanese society not only through its comprehensive implementation, especially for national mourning of major political figures, but also by its codification of the religious beliefs and customs that the Japanese people had cherished for innumerable generations.
目次
[List of] Maps, Plates and Figures, and Tables Acknowledgments Note to the Reader Introduction I. Mourning Laws: The Pre-Tokugawa Foundation and Tokugawa Political Implications 1. Pre-Tokugawa Mourning Laws The Origins: The Yōrō Code and Native Religious Traditions “Shinto” or “Jindo”: What’s in the Name? The Mourning and Abstention Laws of the Shinto Shrines Observance of Mourning under the Yōrō Code and Shrine Rules: A Sampler 2. The Tokugawa Mourning Edicts The Early Tokugawa Attempts at a Mourning Edict Tokugawa Tsunayoshi and His Edict on Mourning and Abstention 3. Mourning and the Shogun’s Legitimacy Shogun Tsunayoshi’s Personal Stake The Shogun’s Inheritance and Succession The Mystery of Rebirth Patriarchal Sacraments Imperial Dispensation The Tokugawa Shogun’s Many Faces of Legitimacy 4. Mourning and the Daimyo Houses Implementation of the Mourning Edicts in the Daimyo Houses Local Records Succession in the Daimyo Houses The Satake House and the Shogunate’s Specifications Succession in the House of Mōri The Story of the Shimazu House The Mourning Edict and the Demography of the Daimyo Houses The Shogun’s Stick The Dead Man Talking Center versus Periphery 5. The Mourning Edict and the Populace Notification of the Mourning Edict among Edo’s Townsfolk Relatives of Abstention and Social Control Guilt by Affinity Filth, the Sacred Sphere, and Leaves of Absence The Practices of Commoners in Mourning and Abstention 6. Portraits of Men and Women in Mourning Mourning in the Life and Death of Umezu Masakage (1581–1633) The Shoguns’ Wives and Concubines Lady Yō: Daimyo’s Daughter, Daimyo’s Wife (1737–62) The Men and Women of the Shimazu House Kamata Masazumi, the Shimazu Vassal (1816–58) In Memoriam II. Public Mourning in Edo and the Daimyo Domains 7. Public Mourning of State Personages The Rites of Public Mourning Quiet in Edo The Shogunate’s Accommodation The Quiet for the Dead, the Quiet for the Living 8. Public Mourning in the Daimyo Domains Public Mourning in Akita Mourning the Satake The Tokugawa House in Akita The Life of Akita’s Populace under Prohibition The Domain’s Accommodative Approach Silence in Chōshū Public Mourning for the Tokugawa House Co-opting the House of Mōri The Transmission of Suspension Orders Silence in Four Corners The Experience of an Itinerant Singer-Storyteller Intradomain Public Mourning as Supradomain Allegiance 9. Public Mourning and the Imperial Family The Imperial Family in the Shogunate’s Suspension Orders The Imperial Family in Akita The Imperial Family in Chōshū The Imperial Family in Kyoto The Emperor, the Shogunate, the Daimyo, and the People 10. Public Mourning in Bakumatsu Politics The Deaths of Shoguns Ieyoshi and Iesada Mourning in the Provinces The Reversal of Fortune for “the Above” Appeasement and New Protocols The Deaths of Shogun Iemochi and Emperor Kōmei The Reversal of Fortune for “the Below” “The Below” in Edo Out in Akita War and Public Mourning in Chōshū Shogun Yoshinobu’s Grief Mourning and Missed Opportunities III. Mourning in the Meiji Period 11. Government by Mourning in the Meiji Period The Meiji Restoration The State of the Mourning Laws under the New Regime Connections to Select Codes Imperial Holy Days Personal Holy Days The Politics and Diplomacy of Royal Deaths The Last Chapter of the Tokugawa Mourning Edict Conclusion Appendix A: Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi’s Bukkiryō (Edict on Mourning and Abstention), Genroku 6 (1693) Appendix B: Reference Lists The Imperial Family: The Tokugawa-Period Emperors and Sovereign Empresses The Houses of the Imperial Blood The Five Regents’ Houses The Tokugawa Shoguns (including Posthumous Buddhist Names) The Daimyo Domains and Daimyo Referenced in th
