Collectanea Himalayica: studies on the history and culture of the Himalayas and Tibet, 1865-5327
叢書號
5
資料類型
書籍=Book
使用語言
英文=English
附註項
Includes bibliographical references (pages 307-326).
關鍵詞
Tibet; History; Biography; Bka'-brgyud-pa; Mar-pa
摘要
Mar-pa Chos-kyi-blo-gros (1000–1081) is the founding figure of the Bka'-brgyud school of Tibetan Buddhism, which still occupies today an important place in the Tibetan religious landscape. He was a translator of many tantric instructions and is a pivotal figure in the later transference of Buddhism to Tibet. Being one of the most well-known Tibetans, both in Tibet and abroad, his statue is present in almost every Bka'-brgyud temple, and his life story is frequently given as an edifying example. Yet, a close scrutiny of the literary sources available to approach his life reveals how little we know about him for certain. This monograph examines the corpus of Mar-pa's biographies in order to map out the genesis of this literary tradition, in which more than thirty independent texts are now identified. The first part is an introduction to Mar-pa's life and to the genre of hagiography. In the second and main part, all biographies available are placed in a chronological and logical order, organized according to the metaphor of a house. This architectural image illustrates the way the biographies have been approached, from the earliest to the latest, in order to place the reader at the place of the writer: what could he know when he wrote, and what did he build on? Each significant biography is thus presented individually and in relation with the other works in order to understand what place it occupies in this biographical tradition. The third part is a selection of a few cornerstones in Mar-pa's biographies: Mar-pa's songs; verbs indicative of indirect speech that mark the author's presence in the biography; Mar-pa's status as a reincarnation; the practice of entering another's body (grong 'jug); and Mar-pa's relationships with Nāropā and with Gnyos Lo-tsā-ba. In the appendices, the reader will find translations of two of the earliest biographies of Mar-pa, redacted by Ngam-rdzong ston-pa (12th c.) and Rngog Mdo-sde (1078–1154). These two translations provide fascinating alternatives to the well-known biography of Mar-pa composed by Gtsang-smyon He-ru-ka in the early 16th century and mark the beginnings of Mar-pa's biographical tradition. Thus the book presents a welcome addition to the growing literature on the early Bka'-brgyud-pas and is the first to deal in detail with this major religious figure of the second spread of Buddhism in Tibet.
目次
Contents Abbreviations Preface Introduction Mar-pa's life Mar-pa and his time What sources, for which historical reconstruction? Why are hagiographies written? Why study Mar-pa's life? Mar-pa's Life Stories The foundations : biographies of the 12th and early 13th centuries Major foundations Biography composed by Ngam-rdzong ston-pa Byang-chub-rgyal-po The Rngog biographies Mar-pa's collected works published in the 'Bri gung bka' brgyud chos mdzod chen mo Biographies composed by early Rngog clan members in the Mar pa lo tsā'i gsung 'bum Biographies of the Aural Transmission Minor foundations Biography attributed to Sgam-po-pa Bsod-nams-rin-chen (1079-1153) Biography composed by Bla-ma Zhang (1123-1193) Golden rosaries of the 'Brug-pa lineage The ground floor : biographies of the 13th century Biography composed by Don-mo ri-pa (b. 1203) [circa 1245] Biography composed by Rgyal-thang-pa Bde-chen-rdo-rje [1258-1266] Biography attributed to "U-rgyan-pa" The walls : biographies of the 14th and 15th centuries Some short biographical passages Biography in the Deb ther dmarpo by 'Tshal-pa Kun-dga'-rdo-rje (1309-1364) [1346] Biography composed by Mkha'-spyod-dbang-po (1350-1405) Opening Eyes, the religious history composed by Bsod-nams-rgyal-mtshan-dpal-bzang-po (1386-1434) [1418] Mar-pa's biography in two Rngog clan rosaries The Lho rong chos 'byung' religious history composed by Rtag-tshag Tshe-dbang-rgyal [1446 (rev. 1451)] Religious history composed by Kun-dga'-dpal-'byor (1428-1476) Biography composed by Mi-bskyod-rdo-rje [late 15th century] Deb ther sngon po, religious history composed by 'Gos Lo-tsā-ba Gzhon-nu-dpal (1392-1481) [1476] The roof : biography composed by Gtsang-smyon Heruka (1452-1507) [1505] Later developments : biographies written after the standard version Biography from a rosary by Rgod-tshang-ras-pa (1482-1559) Biography from a rosary by Kun-dga'-rin-chen (1475-1527) [1508] Biographies composed by Dpa'-bo II Gtsug-lag-phreng-ba (1504-1566) The Scholar's Feast [1545-1565] The Venerable Mar-pa's Hagiography, Expression of his Miraculous Deeds [1563] Religious history composed by Padma-dkar-po (1527-1592) [1575] Religious history composed by Ngag-dbang-rnam-rgyal (1571-1626) [1609] Comparative biography by Kah-thog Rig-'dzin Tshe-dbang nor-bu (1698-1755) [1742 (rev. 1746)] Rosary of Crystal Gems, religious history composed by 'Be-lo Tshe-dbang-kun-khyab and Si-tu 08 Chos-kyi-'byung-gnas (1700-1774) [1775] Conclusion The evolution of a few key points in Mar-pa's biographies Marks of the spoken word in the biographies Mar-pa's songs Quotative verbs marking the author's presence in the biography Evolution of the characters The central character : Mar-pa Mar-pa as an emanation The practice of entering another's body (grong 'jug) Two secondary characters of importance Nāropā Gnyos Conclusion Appendices Appendix 1 : Diplomatic Edition of Ngam-rdzong ston-pa's Biography of Mar-pa as Found in Mon-rtse-pa's Golden Rosary Appendix 2 : Translation of Ngam-rdzong ston-pa's Biography of Mar-pa Appendix 3 : Translation of Rngog Mdo-sde's Biography of Mar-pa Appendix 4 : Chart of Mar-pa's Songs in the Biographies Appendix 5 : Mar-pa's Dates Bibliography Primary sources : Mar-pa's biographies in Tibetan Primary sources : other Tibetan texts Secondary sources : Western-language books and articles.
