Eviatar Shulman is Senior Lecturer in the Departments of Asian Studies and Religious Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
關鍵詞
Buddha; Buddhology; Buddhist Narrative; Jātaka; omniscience; Theravāda
摘要
This study takes a fresh look at the ideology of (semi-)canonical Jatakas assembled in the Jataka-atthakatha, arguing that they are rather un-interested in biography. Although this notion is normally at the centre of the study of Jataka in modern scholarship, these texts are not driven by an historical approach and do not attempt to relate the Buddha’s path to enlightenment in linear, logical fashion. Rather, Jatakas are interested in what a Buddha actually is, in an inquiry into his very nature, and thus offer a contemplation of his unique form of being. Most specifically, they strive to depict Buddha’s omniscience, which is evident in the narrative framework of the genre, in which Jatakas appear as explanations provided by the Buddha for events in the present. Omniscience is also present as a motivation behind some of the Bodhisatta’s great acts; much of his action can be interpreted as an opening of his mind to its full omniscient potential. Jatakas focus on the conditioning between lives, which the Bodhisatta is often aware of, and which the Buddha observes through his unique knowledge, thereby offering an observation on the patterning of consciousness that develops over time. This includes the very nature of the awakened mind, whose omniscience is shaped by actions carried out in previous existences.
