All social strata in Youzhou were involved in the engraving process of Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra of Fangshan Stone Sutra in the Tang Dynasty, which constructed a “social space” that differed from the sacred space of entity religion. This social space relies on the sanctity of religion, and shows obvious secular characteristics in terms of the composition of internal groups, the range of activities, and the form of gathering. In this religious social space, various belief groups combine in the form of family, region, community, or express personal wishes, implicit political demands, or reveal blood ties through different philosophies of participating in Buddhism. Integrating the Buddhist activity of printing and engraving Buddhist Scriptures into diversified belief concepts with secular characteristics reveals the contradiction and dependence between sanctity and secularity in religious space.
