古籍數字化=digitization of ancient books; 文字校對=text proofreading; 聚類校對=Clustering Proofreading; 缺字=missing characters; 異體字=Variant Characters
摘要
本研究首先回顧了古籍數字化中的保真原則和整理原則，指出並比較了文字校對的三種方式。其次，介紹了古籍數字化需要解決的缺字問題、認同問題和異體字問題等三個核心問題，指出缺字問題屬於技術問題，根本矛盾在於技術水平；而認同問題和異體字問題屬於體例問題，根本矛盾在於文字專家人才資源。基於對上述問題的梳理以及古籍智能光學字元辨識（optical character recognition, OCR）技術的進展，提出了一種基於聚類校對和輕造字的文字校對方法。該方法可以輕巧地解決缺字問題，也可以將認同問題和異體字問題分解為不同的環節，以便專業化分工，從而緩解文字專家人才資源的矛盾。最後，介紹了《徑山藏》數字化項目的實踐工作，初步驗證了基於聚類校對和輕造字方法的合理性和有效性。
This study explores the principles of fidelity and collation in the digitization of ancient books, proposing and comparing three rules of text proofreading. It identifies three core problems in the process: missing characters (a technical issue), character identification, and variant characters (both stylistic issues reliant on the expertise of Chinese character specialists). The article analyzes these problems and their relationships, highlighting the underlying contradictions in technical levels and talent resources. Leveraging advances in intelligent optical character recognition (OCR) technology, the study introduces a text proofreading method that utilizes clustering proofreading and light word-forming. This method not only addresses the problem of missing characters but also breaks down character identification and variant characters into specialized tasks, easing the reliance on expert resources. The practical application of this method is demonstrated in the "Jingshan Tripitaka" digitization project by the Beijing Rushi Institute of Artificial Intelligence Technology, preliminarily validating the effectiveness of this novel approach.
