This volume explores the role played by monastic discipline in the emergence and evolution of modern Chinese Buddhism. A central feature of the Buddhist tradition, monastic discipline has received growing attention in the contemporary Buddhist world, but little from scholars. Adopting a diachronic perspective and a multidisciplinary approach, contributions by leading scholars investigate relevant Vinaya-related practices in twentieth and twenty-first centuries China and Taiwan, including issues of monastic identity and authenticity, updated ordination procedures, recent variations of Mahāyāna precepts and rules, and original perspectives on body movement and related sport activities. The restoration and renewal of Vinaya practices and standards within Chinese Buddhist practices shed new light on the response of Buddhist leaders and communities to the challenges of modernity. Contributors are: Ester Bianchi, Raoul Birnbaum, Daniela Campo, Tzu-Lung Chiu, Ann Heirman, Zhe Ji, Yu-chen Li, Pei-ying Lin, and Jiang Wu.
目次
Contents Acknowledgment vii List of Figures and Tables viii Notes on Contributors x Introduction 1
part 1 Questioning Monastic Identity: Vinaya and Authenticity 1 Vinaya Master Hongyi’s 弘一 Vinaya Problem 23 Raoul Birnbaum 2 Retaking the Monastic Precepts: Shanghai Lay Buddhists’ Struggle for the Authenticity of Monkhood in the 1980s 95 Zhe Ji 汲喆
part 2 Adjusting the Vinaya: Ordination Procedures 3 Discipline and Enlightenment: Hanyue Fazang 漢月法藏 and the Spread of the Triple Platform Ordination Ceremony in Seventeenth-Century China 133 Jiang Wu 吳疆 4 Authenticity and Authority: Dual Ordination in Post-war Taiwan 157 Yu-chen Li 李玉珍
part 3 Mahāyāna Vinaya: Bodhisattva Precepts and Chinese Monastic Codes 5 Yogācāra Bodhisattva Precepts in Twentieth Century China: Reevaluating Rules and Commitments in the Light of Modernity 193 Ester Bianchi 6 Changing Attitudes to the Precepts in Modern Taiwan: The Debate between Brahmā’s Net Precepts and Yogācāra Precepts 230 Pei-ying Lin 林佩瑩
7 Buddhist Monastic Regulations in Contemporary China: Adapting the Rules to a Changing Social and Political Context 255 Daniela Campo
part 4 Vinaya Specifics in the Modern World: Body Movement and Sport Activities 8 Body Movement and Sport Activities: A Buddhist Normative Perspective from India to China 297 Ann Heirman and Tzu-Lung Chiu 邱子倫
9 Physical Exercise and Sporting Activities in Contemporary Taiwanese and Mainland Chinese Buddhist Monasteries 325 Tzu-Lung Chiu 邱子倫 and Ann Heirman
