The author is the visiting researcher of the institute of oriental studies, Toyo University, Japan.
關鍵詞
李通玄; 華嚴思想; 習氣; 煩惱; 五位
摘要
The concept of vāsanā (習氣), which attracted a certain degree of interest within the Yogacāra school (唯識派) and Chinese Huayan schools but was never a central topic of discussion in either school, became an object of keen attention by Li Tongxuan (李通玄, 635-730) in his theory of Huayan Bodhisattvahood (華嚴菩薩道) based on the traditional theory of the Five Levels (五位) of the Bodhisattva Path (菩薩道). Li, a lay Huayan practitioner of Tang China, argued that when a bodhisattva attains sudden awakening with the initial arousal of bodhicitta (初發時便成正覺), one’s afflictions (kleśa, 煩惱) are destroyed. However, as various vāsanās persistently remain within the mind as latent tendencies, their elimination becomes a major focus in the Five Levels of the Bodhisattva Path. This paper illustrates three characteristics of Li Tongxuan’s theory on the elimination of vāsanā: his contention that practitioners need to go through a repetitive process of the elimination of vāsanā by practicing the Ten Perfections (十波羅蜜) throughout the Five Levels; his warning against the vāsanā of affection which stems from attachment to acts of compassion (愛習); and his warning against the vāsanā of attachment to the joy of attaining supra-mundane wisdom (法悅習氣). All three reveal Li’s profound observation into the tameless nature of the human psyche, as well as his deep conviction that Huayan Bodhisattvahood must be deeply rooted in the mundane realm where, ultimately, all things are empty of essence.
目次
1.Introduction 116 2.A brief overview of vāsanā 117 3.The concept of vāsanā in the Huayan Sūtra 119 4.Li Tongxuan’s view on the elimination of vāsanā 121 4-1.Persistence of vāsanā and the process of elimination through the Bodhisattva Path 122 4-1-1.Li Tongxuan’s theory of the Huayan Bodhisattva Path 122 4-1-2.Li Tongxuan’s views on the process of elimination of vāsanā 124 4-2.Coping with vāsanā stemming from attachment to acts of compassion 129 4-3.Elimination of vāsanā of supra-mundane wisdom and re-embodiment of compassion 131 5.Conclusion 134 Bibliography 136
