The Yakherds is a collective of scholars in Philosophy and Buddhist Studies based in the USA, India, Australia, Nepal, and Germany, and comprises both Western and Tibetan scholars.
摘要
Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) is by any measure the single most influential philosopher in Tibetan history. His articulation of Prasangika Madhyamaka, and his interpretation of the 7th Century Indian philosopher Candrakirti's interpretation of Madhyamaka is the foundation for the understanding of that philosophical system in the Geluk school in Tibet. Tsongkhapa argues that Candrakirti shows that we can integrate the Madhyamaka doctrine of the two truths, and of the ultimate emptiness of all phenomena with a robust epistemology that explains how we can know both conventional and ultimate truth and distinguish truth from falsity within the conventional world.
The Sakya scholar Taktsang Lotsawa (born 1405) published the first systematic critique of Tsongkhapa's system. In the fifth chapter of his Freedom from Extremes Accomplished through Comprehensive Knowledge of Philosophy, Taktsang attacks Tsongkhapa's understanding of Candrakirti and the cogency of integrating Prasangika Madhyamaka with any epistemology. This attack launches a debate between Geluk scholars on the one hand and Sakya and Kagyu scholars on the other regarding the proper understanding of this philosophical school and the place of epistemology in the Madhyamaka program. This debate raged with great ferocity from the 15th through the 18th centuries, and continues still today.
目次
Preface Introduction Chapter 1. Truths and Polemics: Taktsang's Presentation of Madhyamaka and Tibetan Responses Chapter 2. Reading Candrakirti Chapter 3. The Philosophical Issues at Stake Chapter 4. Khedrupjé on Madhyamaka Epistemology Chapter 5. Taktsang's Madhyamaka Chapter 6. The Gelukpas and their Opponents Chapter 7. Tsongkhapa, Buddhahood, and Epistemic Authority: An Initial Reply to Taktsang's Charge Chapter 8. Panchen Losang Chökyi Gyaltsen's Response to Taktsang Chapter 9. Tenets Anyone? Jamyang Shepa's Polemical Response to Taktsang's Presentation of Madhyamaka Chapter 10. From Three Contexts to None: The Karmapas' Radical Reading of Taktsang Lotsawa and the Middle Way Chapter 11. Unforgotten Dreams: Purchok's Rebuttal of Taktsang Chapter 12. How to Think Philosophically about the Status of Conventional Epistemic Warrants Chapter 13. Investigation into the Authenticity of Conventional Phenomena, Tashi Tsering Glossary of English Terms Glossary of Tibetan Terms Glossary of Tibetan Place Names and Orders
