Gandhāran furniture; Excursus on the Dhauli Elephant; furniture legs
摘要
This paper is the first assessment of the different sources and shapes in a selection of Gandhāran furniture. Two main types of furniture legs are discussed. These are thought to be originally wooden legs attached to chairs, stools, and beds that are depicted in Kushan sculpture from Gandhāran. The two types are defined by their decoration. The first type is the geometric, lathe-turned furniture leg, the second type of leg is carved, not lathe-turned and depicts figures. The foreign origins of both types are traced and analyzed. A list, plus illustrations of reliefs showing representative contexts for each type, is given. Several heretofore unpublished reliefs are included. In some cases the Gandhāran examples can be interpreted as well as their developments into Central Asian furniture types.
目次
Abstract 647 Keywords 647 I. Defining Two Types of Decorated Furniture Legs 649 A. The Geometric, lathe-turned, type of Furniture Leg 649 B. The Figurative Type 650 How did Roman conventions succeed in surfacing in Gandhāran furniture? 653 II. A Brief Account of the Penetration of Western Influences into Gandhāra 653 III. Entrance of the Geometric Type of Furniture Leg into South and Central Asia 655 A. Gandhāra, Pakistan and Greater Gandhāra including Afghanistan and Turkmenistan 655 B. India 659 C. Advent of the Kuṣāṇa Geometric Type throne leg 660 IV. Overview of Selected Reliefs showing Gandhāran Furniture with Geometric Type legs 665 V. The Geometric Model Beyond Gandhāra 670 A. Gandhāran Influence Southward: Gupta coins 670 B. Gandhāran influence Eastward: Central Asia 672 VI. The Figurative Type of Furniture Leg 673 A. Hand–crafted Gandhāran Figurative Types 673 1. Leg composed of a single theriomorphic form 674 2. Leg composed of two different animal forms 675 3. Leg composed of theriomorphic and anthropomorphic forms 677 4. Leg composed of theriomorphic forms and (possibly) a partial female (i.e. anthropomorphic) form 681 B. The Figurative Type Beyond Gandhāra 685 1. Evidence from a Central Asia text 685 2. A Second possible female/elephant transformation from Kizil 686 3. Khotan 687 VII. Conclusion 688
