This book provides an in-depth analysis of the doctrines of early Advaita and Buddhism that has important implications for the question of the relationship between Hindu and Buddhist thought. The author examines the central doctrines of the Gaudapadiya-karikain a series of chapters that discuss early Advaita in relation to the Abhidharma, Madhyamaka, and Yogacara schools of Buddhism. The question of the doctrinal diversity of Indian Buddhism is also discussed through an analysis of the concept of 'Buddha-Nature' and its relationship with Vedantic thought.
目次
Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xii
Introduction 1 Recent Work on the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 3 Outline of the Monograph 11
1. The Date and Authorship of the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 15 The Identity and Date of Gauḍapādīya 15 Authorship of the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 21 The Relationship Between the First and Second Prakaraṇas 21 The Relationship of GK II, III, and IV 31 The Gauḍapādīya-kārikā and Bhāvaviveka 35 The Author of the Fourth Prakaraṇa and Buddhist Scholasticism 43 Conclusion 45
2. The Vedantic Heritage of the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 51 The Three Foundations (Prasthānatraya) of the Vedānta-Darśana 51 The Upaniṣadic Heritage of the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 52 Cosmogonic Speculation in the Upaniṣads 56 Psychology in the Upaniṣads 58 The Four States of Experience 61 The Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad 65 The Bhagavadgītā and the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 68 The Brahmasūtra 70 Doctrines of the Brahmasūtra 72
3. The Abhidharma Context of Non-Origination (Ajātivāda) 87 The Non-Origination Date of Dharmas--Absolutism and the Svaghāva Debate in Buddhism 87 The Sarvāstivada Abhidharma 91 The Nature of Saṃskṛta and Asaṃskṛta Dharmas 98 The Sautrāntika Position: Asaṃskṛta-Nairātmya 104 The Unique Particularity of Dharmas--A Māhāyāna Critique 108 The Non-arising (Anutpāda) and Immutability of Dharmas 110
4. Non-Origination in the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā: Early Vedāntic Ontology and Madhyamaka Buddhism 119 Māhāyāna Buddhism and the Fourth Prakaraṇa of the GK 119 The Two Truths in the Māhāyāna Tradition: The Nature of Saṃvṛti 120 The Two Truths in the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 124 Foundations of Non-Origination: The Paradox of Change 126 Nāgārjuna's Refutation of Absolutism (Svabhāvavāda) and the Gaudapādian Response 131 Emptiness (Śūnyatā) and Non-dualism (Advaita) 133 Non-Origination and Emptiness: The Madhyamaka and Advaita Perspectives 137
5. Asparśa-yoga in the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 141 Asparśayoga as a Meditative Technique 144 The Four States of Experience in the Āgama-Prakaraṇa (GK I) 146 Meditation on the Phoneme OM 147 Asparśayoga as a Description of the Ultimate State 148 The Attainment of Gnosis (Jñāna) in the GK 149 Asparśayoga: The Gauḍapādian Phenomenology of Perception 153 Non-contact (Asparśa) and Representation-Only (Vijñapti-mātra) 154 The Yogācāra Phenomenology of Perception 158 The Non-Veridicality (Vaitathya) of Waking and Dream Experience in the GK 168 Māyā in the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 175 The Meaning of the Term 'Asparśayoga' 179
6. Gauḍapādian Inclusivism and the Mahāyāna Buddhist Tradition 183 The Gauḍapādian Conception of Buddhism 184 The Theory of Non-Conflict (Avirodhavāda) in the GK 194 Inclusivism in the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 196 The Bhāvavivekan Response to the Vedāntic Inclusivism of the GK 199
7. Absolutism in the GK and the Mahāyāna: the Tathāgatagarbha Texts 205 The Tathāgatagarbha Texts 206 The Systematization of Indian Tathāgatagarbha: The Ratnagotravibhāgaśāstra 217 A Question of Hermeneutics: Is There a Mahāyāna Absolutism? 222 Tathāgatabarbha and Two Types of Emptiness in Tibetan Mahāyāna 227 The Gauḍapādīya-kārikā and Tathāgatabarbha Buddhism 231
Conclusions 235 Appendix: A Running Translation of the Gauḍapādīya-kārikā 243 Notes 259 Bibliography 317 Index 331 Index of Verses 339
