Apparitions of the Self is a groundbreaking investigation into what is known in Tibet as “secret autobiography,” an exceptional, rarely studied literary genre that presents a personal exploration of intimate religious experiences. In this volume, Janet Gyatso translates and studies the outstanding pair of secret autobiographies by the famed Tibetan Buddhist visionary, Jigme Lingpa (1730-1798), whose poetic and self-conscious writings are as much about the nature of his own identity, memory, and the undecidabilities of autobiographical truth as they are narrations of the actual content of his experiences. Their translation in this book marks the first time that works of this sort have been translated in a Western language.
Gyatso is among the first to consider Tibetan literature from a comparative perspective, examining the surprising fit—as well as the misfit—of Western literary theory with Tibetan autobiography. She examines the intriguing questions of why Tibetan Buddhists produced so many autobiographies (far more than other Asian Buddhists) and how autobiographical self-assertion is possible even while Buddhists believe that the self is ultimately an illusion. Also explored are Jigme Lingpa’s historical milieu, his revelatory visions of the ancient Tibetan dynasty, and his meditative practices of personal cultivation. The book concludes with a study of the subversive female figure of the “Dakini” in Jigme Lingpa’s writings, and the implications of her gender, her sexuality, and her unsettling discourse for the autobiographical subject in Tibet.
目次
List of Illustrations ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xvii Technical Note on Translation Policies xxi Abbreviations xxiv Introduction. The Secret Autobiographies of Jigme Lingpa 3 I. TRANSLATION A Word to the Reader 14 Dancing Moon in the Water I5 Dakki's Grand Secret-Talk 55 Notes to the Translation 63 II. BACKGROUND Chapter 1. Autobiography in Tibet 101 Chapter 2. The Outer Face: The Life of Jigme Lingpa 124 Chapter 3. Treasure Discoverer 145 Chapter 4. Master of Experience 182 III. READINGS Chapter 5. No-Self Self and Other Dancing Moons 211 Chapter 6. The Dakini Talks: On Gender, Language, and the Secret Autobiographer 243 Epilogue. Subjectivity without Essence 265 Appendix r. The Autobiographies and Biographies of Jigme Lingpa 273 Appendix 2. Lists of the Former Lives of Jigme Lingpa 275 Appendix 3. Table of Episodes in the Secret Autobiographies of Jigme Lingpa 278 Notes 281 Bibliography 311 Tibetan Sources 311 Secondary Sources and Critical Editions 321 Interviews 338 Index 339
