This book focuses on the life of Daoxuan that revealed by the monk himself and that penned down by others. More importantly, it sets out to see why this monk is so linked to and respected in the field of vinaya. Is it because a great number of his works are devoted to that subject, or simply that he lives up to the vinaya stipulations? Furthermore, it is one of the key tasks of this study to explore why Daoxuan was the first Chinese monk ever to define hufa as an ideal that monks should aspire to and installed it as one of the ten categories of the eminent monks in his Xu gaoseng zhuan. Daoxuan, at a certain point, even went on to declare the hufa as the most prominent among the ten ideals in regards to the survival of the Buddha-dharma. What is his understanding of hufa, and since it is so greatly viewed, what does Daoxuan to hufa? Similarly, it is intriguing that Daoxuan was the first monk to cite evidence from Sifen lü nearly two centuries after its introduction into China and considered this text to be Mahāyāna. What were the reason(s) behind his move? Why was it him and not anyone else? Also central to this study is to understand why Daoxuan was the first monk to introduce the recitation of Yijiao jing, supposedly the last instructions of the Buddha, to be conducted alongside the full ordination ceremony. To answer all these questions, this research seeks to explore the life of Daoxuan as recorded in the works of others as well as in his own words. Identifying the largest number ever of books pertaining to the life of Daoxuan, classifying the sources, comparing and contrasting, highlighting the origins of the sources, establishing his extant works, giving conclusions, and offering conjectures are the ways that the present book fulfils its overriding aim: to enhance the understanding of the life of Daoxuan. Through this study, we see Daoxuan emerge from the sources as a diligent student, a tireless traveller, a Mahāyāna-aspired vinaya master, a prolific writer, and an indefatigable hufa monk. Each of these portrayals defines a separate aspect of his life; however, it is only when they are viewed through the hufa perspective that the seemingly independent facets of his life become coherent, so does our understanding of Daoxuan.
目次
The Life of Daoxuan 1 Part Ⅰ 1 Ⅰ Introduction 1 I.1 Locating the Sources 3 I.2 Organizing and Classifying the Primary Sources 5 Table 1: The Master Table 6 Table 2: Classification of the Sources 14 The Life of Daoxuan 18 Part Ⅱ 18 According to Others 18 Ⅱ.1 Introduction 18 II.2 First-hand Information 21 Ⅱ.3 Stable Information 34 Ⅱ.4 A Flood of Information 35 Ⅱ.5 Summarizing the Information 64 Ⅱ.6 Conclusion 87 The Life of Daoxuan 90 Part III 90 In His Own Words 90 III.1 Introduction 90 III.2 Daoxuan’s Works 91 Table 3: The Extant Works of Daoxuan and Works Listed in Da Tang neidian lu 93 III.3 Daoxuan’s Family 99 III.4 Daoxuan’s Monastic Life 101 III.4.1 The Length of Daoxuan’s Career 101 III.4.2 Daoxuan’s Teachers 111 Table 4: Different Terms for Teacher or Master in the Vinaya Texts 111 Table 5: Daoxuan and His Teachers 113 Ⅲ4.2.1 Master Huiyun 114 III4.2.2 Master Zhishou 116 III4.2.3 Master Fali 120 III4.2.4 Master Huixiu 120 III4.2.5 Master Zhichao 121 III4.2.6 Conclusion 122 III4.3 Daoxuan’s Travels 123 Table 6: Daoxuan’s Travels 125 III4.4 Daoxuan’s Conversations with the Devas 131 Table 7: The Names of the Four Heavenly Kings 132 III4.4.1 The Time and Location of the Conversations 134 III4.4.2 The Nature of the Conversations 134 Table 8: The Names of the Devas in Daoxuan’s Works 136 III4.4.3 The Previous and Future Lives of Daoxuan 137 III4.4.4 Questions and Answers 139 III4.4.5 Conclusion 140 III4.5 Daoxuan’s Relations with Other Tang Masters 141 III4.5.1 Master Falin 141 III4.5.2 Master Xuanzang 144 III4.5.2.1 The Translation Team 144 Table 9: The Translation Team 144 III4.5.2.2 The Ximing Monastery 149 III4.5.2.3 Conclusion 150 The Life of Daoxuan 151 Part IV 151 Daoxuan’s Hufa Activities 151 IV.1 Introduction 151 IV.2 The Term Explained: What is Hufa? 152 Table 10: The Hufa masters in Xu gaoseng zhuan 153 IV.3 Fighting Fu Yi’s Anti-Buddhist Proposal 156 IV.3.1 Historical Background 157 IV.3.2 Fu Yi and His Anti-Buddhist Proposal 157 Table 11: Fu Yi’s Anti-Buddhist Proposal 162 IV.3.3 Religious Policy during the Wude Era 167 Table 12: Gaozu’s Sha tai Decree 170 IV.3.4 Daoxuan’s Response 172 IV.3.4.1 Questioning Fu Yi’s Personality 172 IV.3.4.2 Counter-attacking Fu Yi’s Arguments 175 IV.4 Protesting against Gaozong’s Decrees 178 Table 13: Gaozong’s Decrees and Daoxuan’s Responses 180 IV.5 Promoting Vinaya 187 IV.5.1 Daoxuan’s Source Material for His Vinaya Works 187 Table 14: The Four Vinaya Texts 188 IV.5.2 Daoxuan’s Vinaya 189 IV.5.2.1 Establishing Sifen lü as the Principal Vinaya Text 189 IV.5.2.2 Proving that Sifen Lü is Mahāyāna 192 IV.5.2.2.1 Five Pieces of Evidence 192 Table 15: The Five Pieces of Evidence in Sifen lü 197 IV.5.2.2.2 Daoxuan’s Motivation to Prove that Sifen lü is Mahāyāna 198 IV.5.2.3 Differences between Daoxuan’s Vinaya and the Vinaya Texts 199 IV.5.2.3.1 Constructing a Jietan (Full Ordination Platform) 200 IV.5.2.3.2 Recitation of Yijiao jing 205 IV.5.3 The Impact of Daoxuan’s Promotion of Vinaya 208 The Life of Daoxuan 209 Part V 209 Conclusion 209 Appendix 1: Kuiji’s Chapters on Various Topics of the Teaching of Mahāyāna 213 Appendix 2: Dates of the Texts Listed in the Master Table 215 Appendix 3: Daoxuan in Fayuan zhulin 222 Appendix 4, Part 1: The Evolution of Specific Elements in the Life Story of Daoxuan 222 Appendix 4, Part 2: The Evolution of Specific Elements in the Life Story of Daoxuan 228 Appendix 4, Part 3: The Evolution of Specific Elements in the Life Story of Daoxuan 230 Appendix 4, Part 4: The Evolution of Specific Elements in the Life Story of Daoxuan 232 Appendix 5: The Date of Xu gaoseng zhuan 234 Appendix 5, Tabl
