The mystical element in early Buddhism and Hīnayāna Mysticism within Mahāyāna The Mahāyāna sutras and Zen The anticipation of Zen in Chinese Buddhism Zen patriarchs of the early period The high period of Chinese Zen Peculiarities of the "five houses" Spread and methodological development during the Sung period The transplanting of Zen to Japan The Zen Master Dōgen The cultural influence of Zen in the Muromachi period The first encounter between Zen and Christianity Zen in the modern Japanese age The Zen mysticism of Hakuin The essence of Zen